In additive combinatorics, Freiman's theorem describes the structure of sets with small doubling: if a finite set A has a sumset that is not much larger than A itself (e.g. over the integers |A+A| ≤ K|A| for a modest K), then A must be highly structured — it is contained in a generalized arithmetic progression (GAP) of bounded rank and size depending only on K. Intuitively: “if addition creates few new elements, the set is close to arithmetic structure.”
This game gives you A+A and asks you to reverse–engineer A — a playful echo of “structure from small doubling.”